Ceramides – Function, Effect & Importance for the Skin Barrier

What are ceramides?

Ceramides are lipids (fats) that occur naturally in the outermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. They make up to 50% of the skin barrier and are essential for healthy, supple, and resilient skin. Without ceramides, the skin loses water, becomes more susceptible to irritants, and more quickly shows signs of dryness, irritation, and aging.

The role of ceramides in the skin

Ceramides act like a "glue" between skin cells. They stabilize the stratum corneum, prevent transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and protect against environmental influences. With age, skin diseases, or improper skincare, the ceramide content decreases, and the skin barrier becomes more permeable.

Effects of ceramides in skin care

• Strengthens the barrier: prevents dehydration and increases resistance.
• Moisture retention: retains water in the skin and supports plump skin.
• Soothing: relieves irritation and redness, ideal for sensitive skin.
• Anti-aging: improves elasticity and can reduce the appearance of fine lines.
• Regeneration: helps with skin diseases such as eczema or psoriasis.

What types of ceramides are there?

There are several types (ceramide 1–9). The following are particularly commonly used in cosmetics:

• Ceramide NP: supports the barrier function, very well tolerated.
• Ceramide AP: plays an important role in skin elasticity.
• Ceramide EOP: important for skin firmness.
• Synthetic ceramides: biotechnologically produced, but structurally identical and effective.

Ceramides in daily care

Ceramides are found in creams, serums, and lotions. They are particularly effective when combined with cholesterol and free fatty acids , as these substances are most closely related to natural skin lipids. Products containing ceramides are essential for dry, sensitive, or mature skin.

Combination with other active ingredients

• Hyaluronic acid: attracts water, ceramides retain it in the skin.
• Niacinamide: supports ceramide synthesis and strengthens the barrier.
• Panthenol & Ectoin: complement the soothing and regenerative effect.
• Retinol: can irritate the barrier – ceramides compensate for this.

Conclusion

Ceramides are our skin's invisible protective shield. They make the difference between dry, irritated skin and a plump, resilient skin barrier. Luxury skincare—such as that embodied by NATURFACTOR® —incorporates ceramides to perfectly combine science with a sensual skincare experience.

Sources

1. American Academy of Dermatology – Skin care & moisturizers https://www.aad.org
2. DermNet NZ – Ceramides in skin care https://dermnetnz.org
3. NCBI – The role of ceramides in skin health https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6779243/