Citric acid – AHA for gentle renewal and pH balance

Citric acid (INCI: Citric Acid ) is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that primarily fulfills two functions in cosmetics: It supports gentle exfoliation and adjusts the pH value of formulations to be skin-friendly. When used in the correct dosage, it refines the skin's texture, makes the complexion appear fresher, and helps maintain the skin's protective acid mantle.

Operating principle

• Exfoliation (AHA peel): AHAs dissolve the bonds between dead skin cells in the epidermis. This smooths the surface, promotes a more even appearance, and supports natural renewal. NetDoktor – Fruit acid peel
• pH regulation: Citric acid is used in skincare products to adjust the pH level to a slightly acidic level – in line with the skin's natural protective barrier. haut.de – INCI: Citric Acid
• Complexion refinement: Regular, correctly formulated AHA application can smooth the skin's appearance and visibly even out fine irregularities. Stiftung Warentest – Peels

Practical benefits

• A fresher, smoother complexion: Superficial, gentle exfoliation with AHA. ZDF today – How to use a peel correctly.
• Supporting the skin's natural environment: A skin-friendly pH (approximately 5 to 5.5) is considered beneficial for the skin barrier and microbiome; products should be formulated accordingly. gesund.bund.de – Acne (pH-adjusted skincare recommendations)

Application & Compatibility

Citric acid is found in toners, serums, and peels. In low concentrations, it primarily serves to adjust the pH; in higher concentrations (AHA peels), it has an exfoliating effect. Note:

• Start slowly (low frequency, then increase)
• Apply in the evening after AHA peels; apply UV protection the following day.
• For sensitive skin, test initially on a small amount and at a low dose.
• Reduce or pause use if irritation occurs. ZDF heute – Advice , Stiftung Warentest – Risks

Who is it suitable for?

• Normal to oily skin: refinement of texture, more evenness
• Pale/unusually rough skin: Gentle "glow boost"
• Sensitive/reactive: use only mild, pH-balanced products; test individual tolerance.

Conclusion

Citric acid is a versatile AHA component : it supports gentle renewal and helps to pH-balance products in a skin-friendly way. When used correctly, it visibly improves the surface structure – with regard to dosage, frequency, and consistent UV protection.

Sources

1. NetDoktor – Fruit acid peel: Effects & application
2. haut.de – INCI detail: Citric Acid (pH adjustment, mild exfoliation)
3. gesund.bund.de – Acne: pH-balanced cleansing/products (skin barrier)
4. ZDF heute – How to use peels correctly (instructions & risks)
5. Stiftung Warentest – Peelings: Benefits & potential irritations

Tags: citric acid, AHA, exfoliation, pH value, acid mantle, glow