Dark spots – causes, types & treatment

What are dark spots?

Dark spots, medically known as hyperpigmentation , are areas of skin with increased melanin production. They often appear on the face, hands, or décolleté and make the skin appear uneven. Although harmless, many sufferers find them cosmetically disturbing.

Causes of dark spots

• Sun exposure: UV rays stimulate melanin production and lead to age spots.
• Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH): after acne, injury or skin irritation.
• Hormonal factors: e.g., melasma during pregnancy or due to the pill.
• Aging processes: Pigment disorders occur more frequently with increasing age.

Types of hyperpigmentation

• Lentigines (age spots): caused by chronic UV exposure.
• Melasma: large spots, hormonally influenced.
• PIH: dark spots after skin injury or acne.

Treatment options

• Vitamin C: antioxidant, gently brightens.
• Niacinamide: reduces pigment transfer into skin cells.
• Retinol: promotes cell renewal and even complexion.
• Chemical peels: AHA and BHA promote renewal.
• Laser & medical therapies: for stubborn stains.

Prevention

The most important step: sun protection . UV filters are essential to prevent new spots. Antioxidants and barrier protection complement the complexion.

Luxury aspect

Premium brands like NATURFACTOR® rely on combinations of vitamin C, niacinamide, and high-tech active ingredients that gently but visibly improve hyperpigmentation – without irritating the skin.

Conclusion

Dark spots are stubborn, but treatable. With patience, consistent sun protection, and the right active ingredients, your complexion can be visibly evened out.

Sources

1. DermNet NZ – Pigmentation disorders https://dermnetnz.org
2. American Academy of Dermatology – Hyperpigmentation care https://www.aad.org
3. NCBI – Treatment of hyperpigmentation https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5843350/