Xerosis – When the skin becomes deeply dry

Xerosis (medically usually referred to as xerosis cutis ) is a condition of severe skin dryness characterized by tightness, scaling, micro-cracks, or itching. It is caused by a permanently impaired skin barrier, which no longer adequately prevents water loss and makes the skin more sensitive to irritants.

How does xerosis develop?

In xerosis, the structure of the stratum corneum (outermost layer of the epidermis) is often impaired – lipids are lacking, the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is reduced, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) increases. ( A-Derma – Xerosis cutis: very dry skin )

Typical causes & influencing factors

• Extrinsic factors: Dry air from heating, air conditioning, frequent hot showers, harsh cleansing products – all of these deplete the skin of moisture and lipids. ( Leti – Dry and irritated skin )
• Intrinsic factors: Aging processes lead to reduced sebaceous and sweat gland activity; certain diseases such as diabetes or hypothyroidism can promote xerosis. ( Dexeryl – Senile xerosis )
• Barrier defect: A disrupted lipid structure of the stratum corneum (e.g., ceramide or fatty acid deficiency) leads to increased water evaporation and a rough skin surface. ( Amin R. et al. – Molecular characterization of xerosis cutis )

Symptoms & Characteristics

Xerotic skin manifests itself through, for example:

• A feeling of tension and often also a slight burning sensation.
• Fine to coarse scaling – sometimes resembling “dust flakes”
• Rough skin texture, possibly with fine cracks or micro-tears in the skin structure
• Sensitivity to external stimuli such as cold, water, or cleaning agents

Care recommendations for xerose

• Gentle cleansing: Use pH-neutral, soap-free cleansers to avoid further stressing the skin barrier.
• Hydration + Lipids: Care with ingredients such as urea, glycerin, ceramides, and plant oils supports moisture and the skin barrier. ( Eucerin – Xerosis: Causes & Care )
• Everyday protection: Wear gloves in cold weather, avoid heated and air-conditioned air, drink enough fluids and increase the humidity in the room.
• Consistent application: Xerosis is often chronic – a regular care routine is crucial for lasting improvement. ( Augustin M. et al. – Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – Position Paper )

In combination with NATURFACTOR® care

For very dry skin, NATURFACTOR® relies on a combination of deep hydration and barrier strengthening. After cleansing, the Porcelain Skin Serum is recommended to optimize water retention and regeneration of the upper skin layers. A rich moisturizing cream or a nourishing night oil can be used as a supplement to stabilize the barrier in the long term and relieve feelings of tightness.

Conclusion

Xerosis is more than "just dry skin"—it's a significantly impaired skin barrier with visible and noticeable consequences. The good news: With targeted care, gentle cleansing, and a consistent routine, the skin's protective function can be strengthened and the feel of your skin significantly improved. With NATURFACTOR®, you get a skincare routine specifically designed for the needs of xerotic skin.

Sources

1. A-Derma – Xerosis cutis: very dry skin
2. Leti – Dry and irritated skin
3. Dexeryl – Senile Xerosis
4. Eucerin – Xerosis: Causes & Care
5. Amin R. et al. – Molecular characterization of xerosis cutis
6. Augustin M. et al. – Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – Position Paper

Tags: xerosis, xerosis cutis, dry skin, skin barrier, moisturizing care, tightness