Skin Atlas
Definition & Application
An archive of mapped terms.
Classified within the context of modern skincare.
Xerosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Care for Severe Dry Skin
Xerosis – medically referred to as xerosis cutis – is a severe form of chronic dry skin with a persistently impaired skin barrier. It goes far beyond occasional feelings of tightness and requires a targeted, consistent skincare routine.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is Xerosis?
Xerosis describes a condition of severe dry skin where the stratum corneum is structurally impaired: skin lipids are lacking, the natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is reduced, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurably increases. Unlike temporary dry skin, in xerosis, the skin can no longer adequately prevent water loss – according to Eucerin, it loses both its protective function and elasticity as a result. Visible signs include flaking, micro-cracks, and itching.
In xerosis, the skin not only lacks water – but also the structural ability to retain it.
Causes and Influencing Factors
Xerosis arises from the interplay of extrinsic and intrinsic factors:
- Extrinsic Factors: Dry heating air, air conditioning, frequent hot showers, and aggressive cleansing products strip the skin of moisture and lipids.
- Intrinsic Factors: Aging processes reduce sebaceous and sweat gland activity. Certain conditions such as diabetes or hypothyroidism can also promote xerosis.
- Barrier Defect: A disturbed lipid structure of the stratum corneum – for example, due to ceramide or fatty acid deficiency – increases water evaporation and leads to a rough skin surface.
Symptoms and Characteristics
Xerotic skin typically shows the following signs:
- Feeling of tightness and slight burning
- Fine to coarse flaking
- Rough skin texture, fine cracks or micro-cracks
- Increased sensitivity to cold, water, and cleansing agents
Care and Treatment for Xerosis
Treatment aims to limit moisture loss and strengthen the barrier function. According to Augustin et al., lipid-replenishing and moisture-binding active ingredients form the foundation of any therapy:
- Gentle Cleansing: pH-neutral, soap-free cleansers protect the skin barrier and prevent additional moisture loss.
- Hydration and Lipids: Active ingredients such as urea, glycerin, ceramides, and plant oils support moisture retention and help strengthen the barrier function.
- Daily Protection: Wear gloves in cold weather, ensure adequate humidity, avoid hot showers.
- Consistent Routine: Since xerosis often has a chronic course, a regular skincare routine is crucial for lasting improvement.
Who is Particularly Affected?
Xerosis primarily affects older people, as the skin produces less oil and moisture with age. Also, individuals with skin conditions such as eczema or rosacea, people with chronic diseases, and anyone frequently exposed to dry or air-conditioned environments are prone to xerotic skin. A targeted skincare routine is particularly important in these cases.
Frequently Asked Questions about Xerosis
Is xerosis the same as dry skin?
Xerosis is a severe form of dry skin with a persistently impaired skin barrier. Normal dry skin can be mild and temporary, while xerosis often has a chronic course and requires consistent care.
Which active ingredients are most helpful for xerosis?
Moisture-binding active ingredients such as urea, glycerin, and hyaluronic acid, as well as barrier-strengthening lipids like ceramides and plant oils, have proven effective. They complement each other in their action and are well-tolerated by the skin.
Can xerosis be permanently treated?
In many cases, xerosis is not curable but can be well controlled with consistent care. Regular application of suitable products can noticeably and long-term reduce feelings of tightness, flaking, and itching.
Conclusion
Xerosis is more than ordinary dry skin – it describes a persistently impaired skin barrier with visible and palpable consequences. With gentle cleansing, targeted moisturizing care, and barrier-strengthening active ingredients like ceramides and urea, the skin condition in xerosis can be improved long-term. The NATURFACTOR® Porcelain Skin Serum supports water retention and regeneration of the upper skin layers and is suitable as part of a skincare routine specifically designed for the needs of xerotic skin. The Blue Crystal Drops, with its mild formulation, is particularly suitable for redness-prone and sensitive skin.
References
- Eucerin – Xerosis: Causes & Care
- Augustin M. et al. – Diagnosis and treatment of xerosis cutis – Position Paper
